8th Grade Social Studies
Scope and Sequence
People of the English Colonies
Immigrants- Africans & European Settlers,
English, Scots, Germans, Dutch, French, Swedes, Finns
Life in the English Colonies
Colonial Population 1630-1780
Work Roles
Small Farms, Merchants, Indentured Servants & Slaves 1661 VA Law &
1663 MD Law
Colonial Life was the cornerstone of colonial society.
Social Activities
Religion
Women’s Rights (Anne Bradstreet, Philips Whitely)
Regions in the Colonies & The Colonial Economy
New England, Education & The Economy
Middle Colonies, Education & The Economy
Southern Colonies, Education & The Economy
Western Frontier
Town Meetings, Trade Triangle, Bread Colonies, Class System, Importing,
Exporting, Indigo
Conflict to Unity
Colonists & Indians
New England Confederation
King Philip’s War
Relations in PA
Colonists & the Crown
Colonial Trade Routes
Mercantilism
Mercantile Laws, Navigation’s Acts,
Woolen Act, Molasses Act, Hat Act, Iron Act
Smuggling - colonists unite against the economic rules of England
The British & The French
Intercolonial Wars
A Plan of Union
French & Indian War 1754-1763
The Road to Rebellion
New British Policies
The Greenville Acts
Sugar, Stamp & Quartering Acts
Colonial Response
The Question of Representation (direct & virtual representation)
Stamp Act Congress
Declaration of Rights & Grievances
Repeal of the Stamp Act
Declaratory Act
Townshend Acts - (writs of assistance)
Continued Protests - (Patriots versus Loyalist/Tories)
Boston Massacre
Boston Tea Party - (British East India Company)
Intolerable Acts
Thomas Paine - (Common Sense & The Crisis)
Quebec Act
First Continental Congress
The Final Break
Lexington & Concord
Second Continental Congress
Olive Branch Petition
Battle of Bunker Hill
Chronology of Events Leading to the Revolution
War for Independence
Declaration of Independence
The Early War
Battles of the Northeast
British Strategy
Significance of Saratoga
Organizing for War
War in the West
War at Sea
War in the South
Reading Military Maps
Treaty of Paris of 1783
The Meaning of Freedom
Political Results
Social Results
Economic Results
The Period of Confederation
Confederation Government - (Articles of Confederation, First Constitution)
Amendments, Ordinances
Western Lands
Land Ordinance of 1785
Northwest Ordinance of 1787 - (Northwest Territory)
Problems of the Confederation
Problems in Foreign Affairs
Problems at Home
Daniel Boone - (Cumberland Gap Wilderness Trail)
Annapolis Convention
Shays’ Rebellion - (Foreclosures)
Making the Constitution
Conflicting Plans of Government
Virginia Plan
New Jersey Plan
Compromise & Ratify
The Great Compromise
House of Representatives, Senate, Three fifths Compromise
Other Compromises -(Regulating Trade, Tax Imports, No Export Tax, Slave
Trade 1808)
Struggle for Ratification
Federalists & Anti-Federalists
Federal
Federalist Papers
Ratification of the Constitution
(State Conventions) 1788 - “Live Free or Die”
Bill of Rights 1791
(Preamble, Articles I-VII, 27 Amendments)
Basic Principles
Popular Sovereignty
Limited Government
Federalism
Separation of Powers
Checks & Balances
(Republic, Monarchy)
Other Principles
Judicial Review
Supremacy of National Law
System of Checks & Balances
Civil Rights
Supremacy of Civilian Authority
Additional Principles
(rule of the majority, minority rights, respect for the worth & dignity
of the individual)
Branches of Government
Congress
Bicameral Legislature
Congressional Qualifications
Specific Powers - ( revenue & appropriation bills, impeach)
The Presidency
Powers & Duties - (executive orders)
Presidential Qualifications
Electoral College System
12th Amendment
James Madison, John Marshall
The Courts - (jurisdiction)
Division of Powers
Delegated Powers - (expressed, implied, inherent)
Reserved Powers -(police powers)
Shared Powers - (concurrent powers)
Limitations on Power -(exclusive powers)
Amending the Constitution
The Changing Constitution
The Amending Process
Informal Change
The Beginning
Precedents
The First Elections
The First Executive
The First Cabinet the
A Strong Court System - (appeal)
Judiciary Act of 1789
Benjamin Banneker
The Economy
Hamilton’s Economic Plan
War Debt - (80 Million, bonds, speculators)
A National Bank
A Tariff Proposal - (duties, protective tariff)
A Whiskey Tax - (excise tax)
Opposition to Hamilton’s Plan - (strict constructionist, loose constructionist)
Foreign Affairs
Staying Neutral
The Jay Treaty -(impressment)
The Pinckney Treaty - (Treaty of San Lorenzo)
Washington’s Farewell
The Adams Presidency
The Election of 1796
Political Parties in the 1790’s
The XYZ Affair
The Convention of 1800 - (The Treaty of Morfontaine)
The Alien & Sedition Acts - (deport)
The Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions - (states’ rights, null & void)
The Election of 1800
Jefferson in Office
The Revolution of 1800 - (inauguration)
Marbury versus Madison
The Louisiana Purchase
Exploration of the LA Purchase & the West
The Decline of the Federalists
A Northern Confederacy Plan
Burr-Hamilton Duel
The Election of 1804
Commerce and Neutral Rights
The Barbary Pirates (tribute)
Challenges to Neutral Rights (blockade, freedom of the seas, deserters)
Defending Neutral Rights
Embargo Act of 1807
Non-Intercourse Act
Macon’s Bill Number 2
Trouble on the Frontier
Tecumseh
The War Hawks
Madison’s War Message
The War of 1812
The United States on the Offensive
Attack on Canada
Naval Victories
The Battle of the Thames
Great Britain on the Offensive
Francis Scott Key - (The Star Spangled Banner, national anthem)
The Battle of New Orleans
Northern & Southern War of 1812 Campaigns
Treaty of Ghent
The Hartford Convention - (secede, New England Federalists versus The War
Hawks)
The National Spirit
Politics (nationalism)
Second Bank of the United States
Protective Tariff
National Transportation (Cumberland Road or National Road)
The Courts (1803 Marbury v. Madison, 1819 McCullough v. Maryland,
1824 Gibbons v. Ogden)
Interstate Trade
Foreign Affairs
Relations with Great Britain
Acquisition of Florida - (cede, The Adams Onis Treaty)
The Monroe Doctrine
Nationalism
The Rise of an American Culture
American Literature
American Painting & Music
American Architecture
Return of the Two-Party System
The Election of 1824 - (sectionalism, plurality)
A Split in the Party - (corrupt bargain)
Adams as President
The Election of 1828
Jacksonian Democracy
Jackson’s Appeal
Growing Power of the People - (suffrage, caucuses)
Democracy in Government - (spoils system)
Jackson’s Use of Presidential Power
Executive Powers -(use of the veto)
States’ Rights and Union - (nullification)
Nullification Crisis
Maysville Road Veto - (turnpike)
Jackson and the Bank)
Veto of the Renewal Bill
Removal of Deposits - (pet banks, specie, land speculation)
Jackson & the Indians
Government & the Indians
Indian Removal & Cessions
The Cherokee
The Seminole
Osceola
Impact of Jackson’s Policies
The Election of 1836
The Panic of 1837 - (economic depression)
The Election of 1840 - (% of Eligible Voters, platform, “Tippecanoe &
Tyler too”)
Voter Participation 1824-1840
The Spirit of Perfection
New Views on Religion - (elect, revivals)
New Religious Groups - (revelations, persecuted)
A New Philosophy - (Transcendentalism)
New Communities - (Utopias, Shakers)
The Reform of American Society
The Struggle Against Slavery - (abolition & abolitionists)
Sarah & Angelina Grimke
Colonization - (American Colonization Society)
Radical Abolitionists - (emancipate, The Liberator)
Political Abolitionists
Black Abolitionists - (American Anti-Slavery Society
Reaction to Abolition - (prejudice)
The Campaign for Women’s Rights - (Seneca Falls, New York)
Education
Struggle for Public Education
Education for women
Schoolbooks
The Lyceum Movement
Helping People with Handicaps
Prison Reform
Temperance
Prohibition - (repealed)
American Literature in the Reform Years
Transcendentalists
Poets
Novelists
(symbolism, free verse)
The Rise of Industry
Beginnings in Textiles - (Samuel Slater)
The Factory System
The Waltham System
Working Conditions
Inventions & Industry
(patents, cotton gin, interchangeable parts, mass production, vulcanization)
The Machine on the Farm
The Iron Industry
A System of Transportation
New Roads
Building Canals - (Erie, 1825)
The First Steamboats
The Railroads
Early Railroads
Expansion of Railroad Systems
Problems of the Railroads
The Rise of Related Industries
Road, Canals, Major Railroads (1820-1850)
The Growth of Cities
Old Cities and New Cities - (Population Growth 1790- 1860)
Benefits and Problems - (tenements)
Improving City Life - (reservoirs, night watches)
Margaret Gaffney Haughery
The Changing Population
Increasing Immigration - (famine)
Settling in America
The Nativist Movement
The Westward Movement
Leading the Way West
The Great Plains
Fur Traders and Trappers
Manifest Destiny - (expansionist)
On to Oregon
Early Claims
The Canadian Boundary - (joint occupation)
Oregon Fever
The Oregon Trail
Routes to the Far West
Francis Parkman’s Travel
The Journey to Oregon
California & the Southwest
Frontier Women
Americans in Early California - (John Sutter)
Early Contacts in New Mexico
Americans in Early Texas - (empresarios)
The Republic of Texas
Texas Rebels
Texas Independence
The Mexican War
Advance to the Rio Grande
The War Begins
The Conquest of New Mexico & California
The Capture of Mexico City
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The California Boom
Gadsden Purchase
Indians & the Westward Movement
Changes in Indian Life
The Indians’ Loss of Land - (reservations)
The United States Expansion, 1853
Sectional Differences
Social Differences - (heritage)
Economic Differences
Political Differences
States’ Rights
Federal Supremacy
The Peculiar Institution
Slave Trade
Slavery in the Americas
Growth of Slavery
People in Bondage
Slave Auctions
Slave Codes
Forms of Slave Protest
Slave Revolts
The Underground Railroad - (conductors, stations)
Frederick Douglas - (Northstar Newspaper)
Northern Attitudes Toward Slavery
Southern Response Toward Slavery - (gag rule)
Slave Population & The Underground Railroad
Slavery & Politics
The Missouri Compromise
The Wilmot Proviso & Popular Sovereignty
Free Soil Party
The Compromise of1850
Clay’s Proposal - (fugitive)
The Compromise Becomes Law
Road to Disunion
The Fugitive Slave Act - (personal liberty laws)
An American Best Seller - (Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1852)
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Expansion of Slavery - (1820, 1850, 1854)
Bleeding Kansas
The Election of 1856
Dred Scott Case
The Issue
The Court Decision
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
John Brown’s Raid
The Final Break
Party Conventions
The Election of 1860
Confederate States of America - (secession)
Opening Guns
Lincoln’s Inauguration - (perpetual)
Fort Sumter Crisis
Spread of Secession - (insurrection)
Union Plans & Advantages
Confederate Plans & Advantages
First Battle of Bull Run
Union & Confederate Resources - (1860)
From Plans to Action
War in the West
Naval Campaign - (blockade runner)
The Virginia - (ironclad)
On the Mississippi River
War in the West
Richmond
Second Battle of Bull Run
Antietam
Emancipation Proclamation
War on the Home Front
People at Home
Volunteer & Spies
Medical
Profits & Poverty
Clara Barton - (“Angel of the Battlefield”, International Committee of
the Red Cross)
Soldiers for the Armies - (draft, bounties)
Opponents of the War
Financing the War - (greenbacks)
Congress Without the South
Battles in the East, West, South
High Point of the Confederacy
Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville - (entrenched)
Battle of Gettysburg
Gettysburg Address
Fall of Vicksburg - (siege)
Road to Appomattox
Grant in Command
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Grant Against Lee
Surrender of the Confederacy
Lincolns Second Inaugural Address - (With Malice Toward None)
Assassination of President Lincoln
President Versus Congress
Lincoln and Congress
Lincoln’s Plan of Reconstruction
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
The Radical Republicans
The Wade-Davis Bill - (pocket veto)
The Thirteenth Amendment
Johnson & Congress
Johnson’s Plan of Reconstruction
Congressional Reaction
Charlotte Forten - (The Port Royal Experiment)
Congressional Reconstruction
The Freedmen’s Bureau
Black Codes
The Civil Rights Act
The Fourteenth Amendment
The Reconstruction Acts
Reconstruction of the South
Johnson’s Impeachment - (Tenure of Office Act, acquittal)
Reconstruction & Postwar South
Southern Blacks & Reconstruction
Southern Whites & Reconstruction
Carpetbaggers & Scalawags
Claims of Corruption
Ku Klux Klan
The End of Reconstruction
The Election of Grant
Grant & Reconstruction
Other Interests & Concerns
Scandals Under Grant
Credit Mobilier
The Whiskey Ring
The Election of 1876
The Plight of Southern Blacks - (sharecropping)
Setttlers on the Last Frontier
Miners
Ranchers
Cattle to Market - (long drive)
Conflict on the open Range
Cowhands
Homesteaders
Western Settlement
Problems
The Myth of the Wild West
Western Land Use in 1890
Conflict with the Indians
The Plains Indians
The Last Indian Wars
The First Sioux War
The Second Sioux War
The Ex Perce
The Apache
Wounded Knee
Change in Federal Indian Policy - (wards)
Reformers Speak Out
The Dawes Act
Blacks in the Late 1800’s
Losing the Right to Vote - (poll tax, literacy test, grandfather clause)
The Rise of Jim Crow Laws - (segregate)
The Supreme Court & Civil Rights
Plessy versus Ferguson - (1896)
Response of Black Leaders
Booker T. Washington
Reaction to Washington’s Plan
Civil Rights Organizations
A Growing & Changing Population
The Old Immigration
The New Immigration
Asian Immigration
Reaction To Immigrants
Population Density - (1900)
Regulation of Immigration
Immigration - (1861-1920)
Population Growth - (1870-1920)
Background to Industrial Growth
Natural Resources
The Labor Supply
Importance of New Inventions
Analyze Economic Trends
American Business Cycles - (1860-1900)
The Free Enterprise System - (supply & demand)
The Rise of Industrial Giants
Railroads
The Railroad Network
Railroads as Big Business
Rockefeller & Oil Refining - (petroleum production, 1860-1920)
Carnegie & The Steel Industry - (Steel Production, 1860-1920)
Meat-Packing Industry
Business Organization
Corporations - (dividends)
Consolidation - (trusts)
The Philosophy of Business - (laissez-faire, gospel of wealth, social Darwinism)
Business & Government
Presidents During the Gilded Age
Hayes - (gold standard)
The Election of 1880
Garfield & Arthur
The Return of the Democrats
The Political Pendulum
The Revolt of the Farmers
Plight of the Farmer
The Grange Movement
Cooperatives
Fall of the Grange Movement
Farmers’ Alliance
A New Political Party - (initiative, referendum, recall, graduated income
tax)
The Rise of American Labor
Early Labor Groups - (labor unions)
The Knights of Labor
Haymarket Square
James Gibbons
The American Federation of Labor
The Search for Justice
Religion & Reform
Settlement Houses
Literature of Protest
New Opportunities
An Urban America
Urban Population - (1860-1920)
Population by State - (1900)
Growing Interest in Education
Growing Leisure Time
Sports
Popular Music
Literature
The Struggle for Control
The Interstate Commerce Act - (regulatory commission)
The Sherman Antitrust Act
The Election of 1896
The Money Question - (inflation)
The Democratic Convention
The Republican Choice
The Beginnings of Progressivism
The Progressives
The Muchrakers
Jacob Riis & Jane Addams
Progressivism at the Local Level - (commission form, city manager form)
Progressivism at the State Level - (direct primary, workers’ compensation
law)
Theodore Roosevelt as President
Trusts - (holding company)
Labor
Railroad Regulation
Food & Drugs
Conservation
William Howard Taft as President
The Republican Split
Taft & Progressivism
The Election of 1912
Woodrow Wilson & the New Freedom
The Tariff
Money & Banking - (reserve requirement)
Trusts - (injunctions)
Farmers
Workers